An Advanced Study of Urban Emergency Medical Equipment Logistics Distribution for Different Levels of Urgency Demand.

At the early stage of a major public health emergency outbreak, there exists an imbalance between supply and demand in the distribution of emergency supplies. To improve the efficiency of emergency medical service equipment and relieve the treatment pressure of each medical treatment point, one of the most important factors is the emergency medical equipment logistics distribution. Based on the actual data of medical equipment demand during the epidemic and the characteristics of emergencies, this study proposed an evaluation index system for emergency medical equipment demand point urgency, based on the number of patients, the number of available inpatient beds, and other influencing factors as the index. An urban emergency medical equipment distribution model considering the urgency of demand, the distribution time window, and vehicle load was constructed with the constraints. Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the beginning of the outbreak was selected as a validation example, and the Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method and the genetic algorithm were used to simulate and validate the model with and without considering the demand urgency. The results show that under the public health emergencies, the distribution path designed to respond to different levels of urgency demand for medical equipment is the most efficient path and reduces the total distribution cost by 5%.

Moral Dilemma and Research on Coping Style of Frontline Nurses During the Outbreak of COVID-19

Objective:To understand the moral dilemma, coping style of frontline nurses and their correlation during the COVID-19. Methods:From March to April, 2021, 651 nurses working in designated hospitals for COVID-19 were selected by convenient sampling, and the Chinese version of Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) and Chinese version of Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) were used for investigation. Results:Frontline nurses’ MDS-R score was 91.0, “value conflicts” was the moral dilemma with the highest frequency and intensity, more than half (51.0%) of the respondents had considered leaving their position because of moral dilemma. “Problem solving” and “seeking for help” were the major coping strategies adopted by the nurses. Nurses who directly provide medical services for COVID-19 patients, dissatisfied with hospital-related training and adopted negative coping strategies had higher moral dilemmas than other nurses. Conclusion:The moral dilemma of frontline nurses is at a high level during the period of epidemic prevention and control. Nursing managers should pay attention to guiding and helping nurses to establish positive coping styles and improve their ability to respond to major public health emergencies. © 2022, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.

Research on transmission model of consciousness of prevention and control among the public in major public health emergencies

COVID-19 epidemic is a major global public health emergency that rarely happened in a century. China has entered the normal stage of epidemic prevention and control after strenuous struggle. Epidemic prevention and control have been promoted synchronously with economic recovery. It is very important that how to realize the effective transmission for epidemic consciousness of prevention and control in the public at this stage of normalization of the epidemic. For this reason, a transmission dynamic model of consciousness of prevention and control in multiplex social networks formed by multiple channels is firstly established. Model analysis and simulation experiments are carried out to draw that it can make the consciousness of prevention and control transmit among public all the time as long as the proportion of owners with consciousness is above a critical value according to the threshold conditions for distinguishing whether the consciousness propagates. It is difficult to quickly raise consciousness of prevention and control for the public that communicating through a single channel. Online and offline multiple information channels are used in a balanced manner in order to maximize the efficiency of transmission. It can promote the transmission of consciousness of prevention and control as much as possible that scientifically and moderately increasing the number of daily communication. Once the number of public communication through multiple channels exceeds a certain limit, it will reduce the efficiency of transmission for consciousness of prevention and control. © 2021, Editorial Board of Journal of Systems Engineering Society of China. All right reserved.

Ethical Challenges in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Vaccine as Well as New Drug Research and Development

To review systematically the progress of all domestic and foreign clinical trials since the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic and the overview of human challenge study (HCS) in the past year, grasp relevant information of ethical review, and explores the feasibility of human challenge study and provide references for stake holders. Based on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center and clinical trial. gov, clinical trials that were consistent with COVID-19 was searched, and the deadline was June 11, 2020.Basic information was extracted and the number of trials was selected from the research type, clinical stage, recruitment status, and ethical passing status. Literature search was conducted based on Pubmed between January 1, 2019 and June 11, 2020.According to the included literature, basic information was extracted and opinions were reported on HCS. 638 and 1935 clinical trials were carried out at home and abroad respectively, of which the number of clinical trials carried out in Hubei reached 323. China and the United States conducted more interventional trials, and the United States had the most clinical trials entered in Phase II, there were a total of 142. Most of the clinical trials were in the stage of recruiting research subjects. In addition, a total of 539 clinical trials in China had passed ethical approval. A total of 5 documents were included in the Human Challenge Study, four maintained a positive attitude towards HCS and put forward corresponding thinking about ethical review. Under the COVID-19, clinical trials for new drugs and new coronavirus vaccines have rapidly increased, which puts forward higher requirements for the progress of ethical review. In the face of such public health emergencies and special research, it is urgent to establish a sound ethical review system and an ethical review system, as well as to construct an ethical model for special research. © 2021, Editorial Board of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. All right reserved.

Medical supplies scheduling in major public health emergencies.

In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, there was an unreasonable allocation between hospitals and a lack of timely transportation of medical supplies, which reduced the cure rate of infected cases. To solve the problem, this research proposes a method for scheduling medical supplies in major public health emergencies to develop a rapid and accurate supply scheme for medical materials, including the allocation of medical materials per vehicle to each hospital and the supply sequence per vehicle to each hospital. Specifically, this paper solves the following two sub-problems: (1) calculating the shortest transportation times and the corresponding routes from any distributing center(s) to any hospital(s); (2) calculating the medical supplies per vehicle transporting to each hospital. The method of solving sub-problem 1 is performed by multiple iterations, each of which calculates the shortest route from a distributing center, through one or more hospitals, and back to the distributing center. According to sub-problem 2, this research proposes a distribution model of medical supplies in major public health emergencies. A multiple dynamic programming algorithm which is a combination of some separated dynamic programming operations is proposed to solve this model. This algorithm also realizes the rapid updating of the scheme in the context of the changing number of vehicles. The first sub-problem can be solved in normal times, while the second one should be solved on the premise of obtaining the corresponding data after the occurrence of a major public health emergency. In the case study section, the whole method proposed in this research is employed in the medical supplies scheduling in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, which proves the availability of the method. The main innovation of the method proposed in this research is that the problems can obtain the optimal solution while the time complexity is within an acceptable range.

Influence of Major Public Health Emergencies on Family Relationship and Humanistic Geographical Characteristics of China.

Harmonious and stable family relations are undoubtedly an important component of victory in terms of epidemic prevention. Take the COVID-2019 (2019 new crown pneumonia epidemic) as the major public events background; 24,188 national samples were obtained based on a network survey. We selected gender, education level, occupation type, family scale, neighborhood relationship and psychological state as independent variables, and adopted multiple logistic models to assess the impact of major public events on family relationships and the characteristics of humanistic-regional attributes. The findings are as follows: (1) During the epidemic period, major public health emergencies effectively promoted the national residents' family relationships. (2) The family relationships of national residents presented a high level in central China and a low level in the border areas of China, which is consistent with the spread of COVID-2019 in January and February. (3) Family relationship level averages between 2.201~2.507 among different groups when divided by occupation, age and education. The family relationship has improved, but the change is not drastic and the gap between various groups is not significant, so there is essentially no difference. (4) The impact of major public health emergencies on all families is nearly sudden and instant, so that family relationship changes are often also abrupt. (5) Educational level, family size and gender have a positive effect on the change in family relations, but this effect is weakened as family education level increases; while the anxiety of the interviewees and the neighborhood had a negative effect on the change in family relationship, this indicates that the better the neighborhood relations are, the more harmonious a family relationship is. The above research can provide an important scientific support and decision-making basis for the government to carry out community prevention work, respond to major public health emergencies and construct a family support social policy system in the future.

Can artificial intelligence enable the government to respond more effectively to major public health emergencies? --Taking the prevention and control of Covid-19 in China as an example.

In recent years, public health emergencies have occurred frequently, posing a serious threat to the regional economy and the safety of people's lives and property. In particular, the outbreak of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus this year has caused serious losses to the global economy. On this basis, this article attempts to use modern advanced artificial intelligence technology and modern social science and technology to provide technical assistance and support for the prevention and control of major public health incidents, in order to improve the Chinese government's public relations capabilities and response to public health emergencies. Ability and level. This article attempts to use 3S technology closely related to artificial intelligence technology to design and establish a public health emergency response system, so as to improve the government's response and decision-making ability to respond to and deal with public health emergencies, and reduce the occurrence of emergencies. The results showed that among the 298 respondents, 145 believed that public health emergencies depend on human-to-human transmission. Most event information is acceptable, while 169 people who rely on mobile phones for information think that most of them are acceptable, and 89 people who rely on TV media for information think that most of them are acceptable. It shows that the use of artificial intelligence technology can effectively solve and prevent the further development of the situation, and at the same time improve the government's ability and level to respond to major public health emergencies, and increase the government's prestige in the eyes of the public.